中华秋沙鸭。摄影/周桂成

红网时刻新闻记者 李璐 谭婕倪 朱闻芩 长沙报道

湖南，是东亚-澳大利西亚鸟类迁徙通道上的关键节点。候鸟的选择，彰显湖南生态系统持续优化。2024—2025年全省越冬水鸟同步监测显示，共记录水鸟46.52万只。记录到国家重点保护鸟类15种，累计4.23万只。其中包括小天鹅、青头潜鸭、中华秋沙鸭、白鹤、白头鹤、黑鹳和东方白鹳等6种国家一级重点保护鸟类。

Hunan is a key node on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF) . More and more migratory birds choose Hunan as a stopover site thanks to the ongoing optimization of Hunan’s ecosystem. The 2024-2025 overwintering bird monitoring in Hunan recorded a total of 465,200 waterfowl. Among them, 15 species of nationally protected birds were recorded, totaling 42,300 individuals. These include six species of first-class nationally protected birds, such as the Tundra Swan, the Baer’s Pochard, the Scaly-sided Merganser, the Siberian Crane, the Hooded Crane, the Black Stork, and the Oriental Stork.

中华秋沙鸭。视频来源：湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区管理局。

中华秋沙鸭，对水体环境、鱼类资源和栖息地质量有着极为严格的要求，被誉为“鸟中大熊猫”和“生态环境试纸”。湖南常德石门县自2008年首次记录以来，每年都有中华秋沙鸭飞临越冬。特别是从2019年后，每年记录到的数量都稳定在100只以上，约占湖南省记录总数量的50%。

The Scaly-sided Merganser, known for its extremely strict requirements on water quality, fish resources, and habitat conditions, is hailed as the “panda of birds” and “barometer of ecological health.” Since its first sighting in Shimen County of Changde in Hunan province in 2008, the Scaly-sided Merganser has flown to Hunan to live through the winter every year. Notably, since 2019, the number of these birds recorded annually has remained stable at over 100, accounting for about 50% of the total recorded in Hunan.